Isosiyete irashobora gutunganya umusaruro wuburyo butandukanye bwindorerwamo idafite ibyuma, ikaze kohereza imeri kugirango umbaze
1. Hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda, hariho ububiko bwumukungugu cyangwa ibice byibyuma bitarimo ibindi byuma.Mu kirere cyuzuye, amazi yegeranye hagati yabikijwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda uhuza byombi muri bateri ya mikoro, ibyo bikaba bitera amashanyarazi, firime irinda yangiritse, bita ruswa yamashanyarazi.
2. Imitobe kama (nkimboga, isupu ya noode, sputum, nibindi) bifatira hejuru yicyuma.Imbere y'amazi na ogisijeni, aside irike irashirwaho, kandi aside irike izangirika hejuru yicyuma igihe kirekire.
3. Ubuso bw'ibyuma bidafite ingese bifatira ku bintu birimo aside, alkalis n'umunyu (nk'amazi ya alkali n'amazi ya lime ava mu rukuta rw'imitako), bigatera kwangirika kwaho.
4. Mu kirere cyanduye (nk'ikirere kirimo sulfide nyinshi, okiside ya karubone, azote ya azote), imbere y'amazi yegeranye, gukora aside sulfurike, aside nitricike, aside irike ya acetike, bigatera ruswa ya chimique The hejuru yimiterere irashobora gutera firime ikingira hejuru yicyuma.Ibyangiritse bitera ingese.
Kurwanya kwangirika kwicyuma kitagira umwanda biterwa ahanini nuburinganire bwacyo (chromium, nikel, titanium, silicon, aluminium, manganese, nibindi) n'imiterere y'imbere, kandi uruhare runini ni chromium.Chromium ifite imiti ihamye kandi irashobora gukora firime ya passiwasi hejuru yicyuma kugirango itandukanya ibyuma hanze, irinde icyuma kuba okiside, kandi yongere imbaraga zo kwangirika kwicyuma.Filime ya passivation imaze gusenywa, kurwanya ruswa biragabanuka.
Icyuma kitagira umuyonga muri rusange ni ijambo rusange ryicyuma kidafite ibyuma na plaque irwanya aside.Yatangijwe mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, iterambere ry'icyuma kitagira umuyonga ryashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rwa tekiniki mu iterambere ry'inganda zigezweho no guteza imbere ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bidafite ibyuma bifite imiterere itandukanye.Yagiye buhoro buhoro ibyiciro byinshi mubikorwa byiterambere.Ukurikije imiterere, igabanyijemo ibyiciro bine: ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya martensitike (harimo imvura igwa ibyuma bitagira umuyonga), ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, hamwe na austenitis wongeyeho ferritic duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.Ibintu nyamukuru bigize imiti cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga mubyuma byashyizwe mubyuma bya chromium, ibyuma bya chromium nikel, ibyuma bya chromium nikel molybdenum, ibyuma bya karuboni ntoya, icyuma cya molybdenum kitagira ibyuma, icyuma cyiza cyane. , n'ibindi. , icyuma gikomeye cyane kitagira ibyuma, nibindi. Ukurikije ibiranga imikorere yicyapa, igabanijwemo ubushyuhe buke bwicyuma, icyuma kitagira magnetiki, icyuma cyubusa, icyuma cyubusa, icyuma kirenze icyuma, nibindi. Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutondekanya ni ugushyira mubikorwa ukurikije imiterere yaisahani yicyuma, imiterere yimiterere yibyuma hamwe no guhuza byombi.Mubisanzwe bigabanyijemo ibyuma bya martensitike, ibyuma bya ferritic, ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya duplex bitagira ibyuma na imvura igwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nibindi cyangwa bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: chromium idafite ibyuma na nikel idafite ibyuma.Ubwinshi bwimikoreshereze ikoreshwa Mubisanzwe: impapuro nimpapuro ibikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bya mashini, ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya firime, imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo hanze yinyubako mugace ka nyanja, nibindi.
Isahani idafite ibyuma ifite ubuso bworoshye, plastike ndende, ubukana nimbaraga za mashini, kandi irwanya ruswa na acide, gaze ya alkaline, ibisubizo nibindi bitangazamakuru.Nicyuma kivanze kidashobora kubora byoroshye, ariko kitarangwamo ingese.
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